Threat identity

Threat identity (IDE) files: overview
Threat identity (IDE) files contain threat identities which allow Sophos Anti-Virus to detect and disinfect the latest malicious software and other threats.
All versions of Sophos Anti-Virus later than version 4.5 update with IDE files automatically.
IDE files are a supplement to regular engine and full threat updates, and not a replacement.
Sophos Anti-Virus IDE files are cross-platform. All operating system versions of Sophos Anti-Virus can use the same IDE files.
Where necessary, for example with emergency command lines scanners, and older versions of Sophos Anti-Virus (e.g. OpenVMS), you can download and add IDE files manually.
Related articles:
Using IDE files with command line emergency versions
Threat identity (IDE) files: how to use
Threat identity (IDE) files: obtaining
Finding information about threats
Daily Supplemental IDE files

Computer virus causes Pan

Computer virus causes Pan American Games to trip up, says Sophos
According to media reports, the 2003 Pan American Games have been disrupted by a computer virus.
The unnamed computer virus is said to have interfered with the results service at the international sporting event, being held in Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. Media representatives around the world were unable to access the latest scores and results from competitions as the computer system was brought down for the second day running on Monday.
The virus infection was the latest in a long line of difficulties facing the organisers of the Pan American Games, including athletes arriving late, a fly-infested media centre, and the use of an amateurishly designed Brazilian flag at the opening ceremony.
"If you organise an international event the eyes of the world are watching you and it's essential that your computer systems are protected against the latest threats," said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant for Sophos Anti-Virus. "Viruses act like a modern-day plague - not only capable of damaging the data held by businesses, but also disrupting entertainment and social events which should be focused on fun."
Sophos is no stranger to protecting international events from the virus threat. Earlier in 2003 it successfully protected the Cannes Film Festival from all virus attacks during the course of the prestigious movie competition.
The Pan American Games, held every four years since 1951, are always held the summer preceding the Olympic Games and are attended by athletes from 42 nations in North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean who compete in 288 events across 35 sports. The event showcases all 28 Olympic sports and seven non-Olympic events.

CPU-Z is a freeware utility that gathers information on some of the main devices of your system. CPU-Z does not need to be installed, just unzip the files in a directory and run the .exe. In order to remove the program, just delete the files and that's it. The program does not copy any file in any Windows directory, nor write in the registry.

CPU

Name and number.
Core stepping and process.
Package.
Core voltage.
Internal and external clocks, clock multiplier.
Supported instructions sets.
All cache levels (location, size, speed, technology).

Mainboard

Vendor, model and revision.
BIOS model and date.
Chipset (northbridge and southbridge) and sensor.
Graphic interface.

Memory

Frequency and timings.
Module(s) specification using SPD (Serial Presence Detect) : vendor, serial number, timings table.

Download Programe

http://www.filehippo.com/download_cpuz/download/e817ec41efb613e391e38edb70a5c97f/

Microsoft ActiveSync 4.5 Build 5096

Microsoft ActiveSync 4.5 Build 5096 And Free download Program
"Synchronize your Windows Mobile-based device with a Windows powered desktop PC."ActiveSync, the latest sync software release for Windows Mobile-based devices, provides a great synchronization experience with Windows-based computers and Microsoft Outlook right out of the box.

ActiveSync acts as the gateway between your Windows-based PC and Windows Mobile-based device, enabling the transfer of Outlook information, Office documents, pictures, music, videos and applications to and from your device.

In addition to synchronizing with a desktop PC, ActiveSync can synchronize directly with Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 so that you can keep your e-mail, calendar data, tasks and contact information updated wirelessly when you???re away from your PC.

Requirements:-Supported Operating Systems: Windows 2000 Service Pack 4; Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1; Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 for Itanium-based Systems; Windows Server 2003, Standard x64 Edition; Windows XP Media Center Edition; Windows XP Professional x64 Edition ; Windows XP Service Pack 1; Windows XP Service Pack 2; Windows XP Tablet PC Edition -Microsoft Outlook 2000, Microsoft Outlook XP, or Microsoft Outlook 2003 messaging and collaboration clients required for synchronization to the desktop or portable computer of e-mail, calendar, contacts, tasks, and notes. (Outlook 2003 is recommended)-Microsoft Office 2000, Microsoft Office XP or Microsoft Office 2003-Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or later (required)-Microsoft Systems Management Server 2.0

The following mobile device operating systems are supported by ActiveSync:
-Microsoft Windows Mobile 5.0
-Messaging and Security Feature Pack for Microsoft Windows Mobile 5.0
-Microsoft Windows Mobile 2003 Second Edition
-Microsoft Windows Mobile 2003
-Microsoft Pocket PC 2002, Microsoft Windows CE OS version 3.0
-Microsoft Smartphone 2002, Microsoft Windows CE OS version 3.0

Free download

free download Microsoft ActiveSync 4.5 Build 5096

ActiveSync 4.2

ActiveSync 4.2 and Free download

"ActiveSync 4.2 - sync software release for Windows Mobile-based devices"BrothersoftEditor/ Microsoft ActiveSync 4.2 is the latest sync software release for Windows Mobile-based devices. ActiveSync provides a great synchronization experience with Windows-based PCs and Microsoft Outlook right out of the box.

ActiveSync acts as the gateway between your Windows-based PC and Windows Mobile-based device, enabling the transfer of Outlook information, Office documents, pictures, music, videos and applications to and from your device.

In addition to synchronizing with a desktop PC, ActiveSync can synchronize directly with Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 so that you can keep your e-mail, calendar data, tasks and contact information updated wirelessly when youâ??re away from your PC.

Changes in ActiveSync 4.2 help resolve connectivity related issues with Microsoft Outlook, proxies, partnerships, and connectivity.Microsoft Outlook Improvements: Resolves issues relating to error code 85010014.Proxy/DTPT interaction Improvements: Improved auto configuration of device Connection Manager settings when desktop has no proxy path to the internet.Improved Desktop Pass Thru behavior with ISA proxy failures.Partnership improvements: Better resolution of multiple devices with the same name syncing with the same desktop.Connectivity Improvements: Better handling of VPN clients (resolve unbinding of protocols from our RNDIS adapter). New auto detection of connectivity failure with user diagnostic alerts.ActiveSync 4.2 supports PC sync via USB cable, Bluetooth, or infrared connection

Free download

free download Microsoft ActiveSync 4.2

Samsung G400 review

Samsung G400 Soul review
All right then, Samsung and Soul know better than simply recasting a slider as a bar. Samsung G400 Soul is the one Soul family member that easily gets singled out. The clamshell phone pulls off near RAZR size and style (save for the thickness), and boasts the unique dual screen setup and a 5 megapixel autofocus camera. Actually, this is the first 5 MP clamshell ever, though for some reason Samsung chose not to pitch that in their promos. Anyway, the G400 is one heavy piece of skill and style. And even if it's the odd one in terms of looks, it seems set to live up to that Soul pedigree.

Key features:

• 5 megapixel autofocus camera (face detection, wide dynamic range and image stabilization)
  
• Identical external and internal screens: 2.2" 256K-color TFT LCD of QVGA resolution
  
• Touch-sensitive external display with ,multimedia interface and haptics
  
• 3G with HSDPA (7.2Mbps) support, video call
  
• FM radio with RDS
  
• 120MB of shared memory and microSD slot
  
• Bluetooth (with A2DP) and USB v2.0
  
• User-friendly keypad
  
• Relatively fast user interface
  
• Fully customizable themes
  
• Dedicated settings for each of the displays
  
• The main display doesn't get key prints in closed position

Technical Windows Vista

Windows Vista™ is the first Windows operating system that directly utilizes the power of a dedicated GPU (graphics processing unit). NVIDIA® GPUs are essential for accelerating the Windows Vista experience by offering an enriched 3D user interface, increased productivity, vibrant photos, smooth, high-definition videos, and realistic DirectX® 10 games. To fully experience Windows Vista, Microsoft® and other industry experts recommend using a PC that is 10 times* more powerful than those required by previous generations of Windows.
NVIDIA nForce®-based PCs and workstations deliver uncompromising performance, quality and reliability to fully drive the Windows Vista OS. "DirectX 10 means higher performance and better looking PC graphics," said Chris Donahue, group manager, games for Windows at Microsoft. "We are thrilled to see that NVIDIA has taken the first step to help application developers and end users adopt the newest 3D graphics API, by making DirectX 10-compliant GPUs available from top-to-bottom for every type of desktop PC user." NVIDIA solutions, world renowned for innovation, stability, and award-winning performance, are the choice of reviewers, professionals and consumers worldwide, and are essential ingredients for a great Windows Vista experience.

NVIDIA Quadro NVS Notebook

NVIDIA Quadro NVS Notebook SolutionsThe Standard for Business GraphicsThe award winning Quadro® NVS series is the business standard for optimized performance in graphic applications. Delivering a reliable hardware and software platform for a stable business environment, NVIDIA business graphics solutions are compatible with the latest business applications that meet the demands of today's professional. Whether you are at the office or on the road, get the most from your business applications with a notebook PC powered by NVIDIA Quadro NVS business graphics solutions.New solutions: Quadro NVS 160M and Quadro NVS 150MAdditional solutions: Quadro NVS 510M, Quadro NVS 320M, Quadro NVS 300M, Quadro NVS 140M, Quadro NVS 135M, Quadro NVS 130M, Quadro NVS 120M, and Quadro NVS 110M.

Reliability: A total hardware and software solution provides a worry-free environment.
Stability: The stable architecture provides a dependable solution for today and into the future.
Ease-of-Use: Simple-to-use IT management tools deliver easy deployment and maintenance.
Industry-Leading Graphics: Renowned NVIDIA graphics include compatibility testing for all of the latest business applications.

Accelerate Creative Suite 4

Creativity is not just your passion, it's your business. The NVIDIA® Quadro® CX is the accelerator for Adobe® Creative Suite® 4—giving you the performance, tools, and reliability you need to maximize your creativity. Quadro CX is designed and optimized for Adobe Creative Suite 4 so you can create more–faster

Introducing NVIDIA® GeForce® 9

Good enough" graphics are no longer good enough.Get 16-cores of DirectX® 10 graphics and NVIDIA® CUDA™ technology parallel processing horsepower with NVIDIA GeForce® 9-Series motherboard GPUs. Featuring Hybrid SLI®, PureVideo® HD, and PhysX technology, GeForce 9-Series mGPUs prove that you can expect more from motherboard graphics. Click here to learn more about how to turbo-charge your Optimized PC.Available in approximately 2 weeks from the following locations: Amazon.com, Buy.com, Mwave.com, NCIX.com, Newegg.com, TigerDirect.com, and ZipZoomfly.com

How to Simplify Folder Sharing

How to Simplify Folder Sharing on Your Home Network

I just spent a considerable amount of time troubleshooting a network glitch between two PCs on my network: one running Vista, the other XP. And by "glitch" I mean that the Vista box can't see any of the XP machine's shared folders, and the XP machine gets a permission error when trying to open a shared folder on the Vista system.
Now, I'm no slouch when it comes to configuring Windows' ridiculously complex network settings, but I'm running out of hair to pull. Sheesh, what a nightmare. Right about now, Mac users are probably (rightfully) laughing their heads off at me.
Figuring things could hardly get worse, I decided to try Cisco's new Network Magic 5.. Although there's a free version, it's the $29.99 Essentials package that promises to simplify file/folder sharing--and, man, does it ever. It's literally a three-click process. The only caveat: to take advantage of this feature, the program must be running on each PC.
The Essentials version includes licenses for up to three machines, which is probably sufficient for most households--but not mine. The $49.99 Pro edition raises the cap to eight PCs. Of course, Network Magic does way more than just help with folder sharing. But its acumen in that area alone makes it worth the purchase price, in my humble opinion.
If you're not convinced, you can download a 7-day trial of the Pro version. It reverts to the free version if you don't buy Pro or Essentials at the end of the trial. I highly recommend it for anyone who's ever struggled with a home network.

Do you Buy a Router?

Do you Buy a Router?

Network routers are less susceptible to seasonal fluctuations than most other types of high-tech gear, but there are still ways improve your chances of getting a bargain.
Routers can be tricky to buy: The specs are confusing, vendors are numerous, and prices vary considerably. There isn't a best time of year to buy a router, but you do have ways to ensure that you get a good value.
One sensible step is to compare routers at a respected shopping site such as TigerDirect.com--one of the top two online retailers in our survey. Enter routers in the search field, and sort the results by price (low-to-high or high-to-low), by popularity, or by customer rating. (Other major shopping sites work pretty much the same way as TigerDirect.com does.)

ASUS ROG EN9800GT MATRIX

ASUS ROG EN9800GT MATRIX/HTDI/512M

include functii de monitorizare si ajustare automata a voltajelor si frecventelor de operare pentru nucleu si memorii, ceea ce duce la temperaturi scazute si la o functionare silentioasa. De asemenea, este prezenta si tehnologia de overclocking dinamic pentru performante crescute in jocurile 3D.
Specificatii ASUS ROG EN9800GT MATRIX/HTDI/512M
Model


The Perfect Answer to Gaming
NeedsA stylish design that comprises of daring lines, a futuristic-looking Hybrid Cooler and a black circuit board allows astute gamers to instantly identify the ASUS ROG EN9800GT MATRIX as a piece of top-notch gaming hardware; while the ROG logo prominently displayed on the cooler is a mark of promise to signify that this graphics card will deliver extreme gaming performances. Equipped with the ASUS Super Hybrid Engine, Hybrid Cooler technology and iTracker, 15% performance boosts in 3D mode can be achieved; while 30% less power consumption and much quieter cooling can also be guaranteed under the 2D mode - allowing gamers to fulfill their every gaming requirement.Auto Hardware Detection and Adjustments with Super Hybrid EngineThe new Super Hybrid Engine technology showcases its intelligence via a two-fold process. First gathering detailed information about the GPU loading and temperature, memory and power IC; Super Hybrid Engine then calculates an optimized solution for the best performance. Furthermore, all of this happens in real time, without requiring any tinkering from users - making it easy to achieve multi-level GPU and memory voltage adjustments for the ultimate graphical performance or maximum energy savings.Hybrid Cooler for Auto-managed Proactive CoolingThe leading and intelligent thermal innovation Hybrid Cooler draws its inspiration from Hybrid cars of the same namesake. With a revolutionary combination of the fan and heatsink solutions on one card, the Hybrid Cooler targets guaranteed performance with power savings in mind. When required, the fan and heatsink will work together for optimum cooling, while the fan is automatically controlled according to advanced GPU loading detection - providing users with more proactive cooling and power savings in the event of lower graphics utilization - much like real Hybrid cars.iTracker Offers Easy User Selection for the Most Suitable UsageThe iTracker feature comes built-in with the Super Hybrid Engine technology, and offers 4 default profiles for entry-level gamers: namely the Optimized Mode, Gaming Mode, Power Saving Mode, and Default mode.

This handy application is also able to display real-time graphics card information that includes the GPU/shader/memory clock, GPU/memory voltage, GPU loading, GPU/memory/power IC/ambient temperature, and fan speed. In addition, the 5th profile - the User Defined Mode, allows timely adjustments that include GPU/shader/memory clock, GPU/memory voltage, and fan speeds to suit different individual requirements.Up to 15% Faster in 3D ModeGPU and memory voltage boosts from 1.2V up to 1.301V and from 1.9V up to 1.92V respectively when the ROG EN9800GT MATRIX is running in 3D mode. This allows the GPU, shader and memory clock performance to be boosted from 600MHz up to 750MHz, from 1800MHz up to 2000MHz, and from 1512MHz up to 1753MHz respectively. Such unprecedented performance upgrades helps raise the ROG EN9800GT MATRIX's 3DMark Vantage Extreme Mode score from 2013 to 2308 - an unbelievable 15% speed improvement when compared to any other reference designed board*. Gamers can now feel the adrenaline rush of superb gaming performance - only with the ASUS ROG EN9800GT MATRIX/HTDI/512M.Up to 30% Power Saved and Quiet Cooling in 2D ModeWhile in 2D modes, less power consumption is required, and the ROG EN9800GT MATRIX is able to reduce GPU and memory voltages from 1.2V down to 0.9V, and from 1.9V to 1.8V respectively for great energy savings. Furthermore, the Auto Phase Switch technology optimizes the power supplied by the power phase for maximum power efficiency. In combining the exceptional voltage reduction with the Auto Phase Switch technology, the ROG EN9800GT MATRIX's power consumption is lowered from 46.27W to 32.44W - an astonishing 30% in savings when compared to any other reference designed board**. Additionally, Hybrid Cooler will help reduce fan rotation speeds in 2D modes - allowing users to enjoy much quieter cooling for comfortable computing environments.

Archos' 5: sexy looks

Archos' 5: sexy looks, but a fingerprint magnet
In its latest attempt to successfully fuse the two concepts, Archos has chucked the rather Rococo styling and hybrid touchscreen/key control interface of the 605 into the bin and started from scratch. The result is a very solid device weighing 250g - for the 60GB model; the 120 and 250GB models re 300g - and measuring 127.5 x 78.3 x 12.9mm - the larger HDD devices are 6.5mm deeper - encased in a polished gun-metal case.

In the hand, the 5 feels a quality device: cold, solid and sleek and with no square edges or protuberances to snag in pockets or bags. The player itself is physically no more than 10mm larger than the screen in any direction and as a piece of design it really is quite superb.
The casing itself, however, is a true fingerprint magnet, oily smudges showing up a treat. That said, the minimalist industrial styling goes some way to lessening their impact, the 5 having the air of a device that should look just a little used and utilitarian rather than polished and pristine. Think the PMP they would use aboard the Nostromo rather then the Enterprise.

Two USB ports, but proprietary connectors
External controls are limited to the on/off and volume switches on the top of the player, with two proprietary Archos USB ports tucked away at the bottom. We were pleased to see that the flick-out rear stand sported by the 605 has made it onto the 5, though the position of the USB ports means you can't stand it up and charge it at the same time.

Asus to release desktop Eee

Asus to release desktop Eee PC as Ebox

Asus will finally launch the desktop version of its elfin Eee PC early next month. Once dubbed the E-DT, the unit is set to retail as the Ebox, we understand.
The rather Wii-style Eee will incorporate a 2GB of memory and a 160GB hard drive, we hear, but for now Asus is keeping the full spec to itself.

Asus' Ebox: Wii-like
We'd suggest the machine will use a 'Diamondville' chip, the small form-factor desktop-oriented processor Intel is set to add to its Atom family next month.
The Ebox will certainly run the Eee PC's Xandros version of Linux, and come bundled with the same line-up of applications.

Also available in black
The look of the Ebox is at odds with the design of a slimline home desktop PC that Asus demo'd at the CeBit show in March this year. That model, the "Digital Home System EP20", was, however, said to run the Eee PC's Linux OS.
It also sported a slot-loading optical drive, something that's not visible on the Ebox shots.
Last month, Asus launched the Essentio CS5110 mini PC, is a multimedia SFF PC that again got Eee fans' hopes rising... until they saw that it runs Windows Vista.

Sony PSP-3000

Sony PSP-3000

Not long after Sony unleashed its updated model of the PlayStation Portable, affectionately named PSP Slim & Lite, there's an interesting placeholder image found on Sony Computer Entertainment's website for instruction manuals that raises eyebrows. The image says "3000 series" on the PSP website, and it's inevitable for people to speculate that a new line of the handheld is at least in the works.The sleek and lighter PSP-2000 was launched back in September across the globe and the portable gaming device is expected to run for 10 years, so it doesn't seem unlikely for Sony to push for redesigned models before unveiling a successor. Though the image could have been prepared for future plans, we'll just watch out for any possible announcements. Keep checking back for updates!

Philips NP2500 and NP2900

Philips rolls out the two upcoming Network Music Player, NP2500 and NP2900. The NP2500 is an audio out with coaxial digital audio, while the NP2900 has integrated speakers. Both equipped with digital color screen. Both capability for connecting with internet radio as well as PC and online music service. About the Philips NP2500 and Philips NP2900 released date and how much the price, no info yet.

Nokia 5320 Mobile Phone

Nokia 5320 Mobile Phone

Music Almighty
Impress with a dynamic design
Make an impression with the simplicity of smooth, glossy surfaces to the functionality of dedicated music and gaming keys.
Play it again and again
Great stereo quality, transferring your favourites or finding new hits is now easy with Nokia XpressMusic features.
Say and Play
Listening to your tracks just got easier with a vioce-controlled music player. Press and hold the dedicated button above the XpressMusic logo, say the name of your artist and song, and let the music begin.
Find and share your favourite media
Find and share media content with a full feature browser, online services, and pre-installed internet application.

LG KP-500

LG KP-500

touch screen mobile phone : LG Electronics announces the launch of LG KP500 mobile phone with an affordable introduction price never offered before. This attractively priced full touch screen handset is complete with the latest touch technology and features found in the existing high-end full touch screen handsets currently available on the market. “The feedback we receive from consumers around the world indicate that there’s more people who wish to try the latest touch screen phones,” said Dr. Skott Ahn, President and CEO of LG Mobile. “We want to reach out to this group and LG KP500 is our answer to deliver a high quality touchscreen phone that is easy to use and much easier to afford.

LG KP500 GSM phone As a slim and stylish handset, the LG KP500 is a GSM phone which can operate in four frequency bands, giving it a far-reaching reception range, and upon its global release, the LG KP500 can be used in 39 languages. But no matter what language one speaks, the vivid and intuitive user interface of the LG KP500 phone is simple for anyone to understand with vivid icons on the 3 inch wide screen. Keeping in touch with friends has never been easier as the LG KP500 mobile phone has the latest UI that allows the user to attach a friend's photo for the speed dial feature and then page through the portraits and touch the friend to be called. "We optimized the user interface to keep the tactile operations smooth and simple which is necessary when you’re opening up a new technology to a wide group of people," said Skott Ahn. With such ease of use, LG expects to broaden the base of touch screen handset consumers around the world

What is GPRS

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones. It provides data rates from 56 up to 114 kbit/s. GPRS is a technology which is changing the present shape of mobile communication.
GPRS can be used for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and for Internet communication services such as email and World Wide Web access. GPRS data transfer is typically charged per megabyte of traffic transferred, while data communication via traditional circuit switching is billed per minute of connection time, independent of whether the user actually is using the capacity or is in an idle state. GPRS is a best-effort packet switched service, as opposed to circuit switching, where a certain Quality of Service (QoS) is guaranteed during the connection for non-mobile users.
2G cellular systems combined with GPRS are often described as "2.5G", that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. It provides moderate speed data transfer, by using unused Time division multiple access (TDMA) channels in, for example, the GSM system. Originally there was some thought to extend GPRS to cover other standards, but instead those networks are being converted to use the GSM standard, so that GSM is the only kind of network where GPRS is in use. GPRS is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases. It was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), but now by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

Network deployment WiBro

Network deployment
SK Telecom and Hanaro Telecom have announced a partnership to roll out WiBro nationwide in Korea, excluding Seoul and six provincial cities, where independent networks will be rolled out.
In November 2004, Intel and LG Electronics executives agreed to ensure compatibility between WiBro and WiMAX technology
In September 2005, Samsung Electronics signed a deal with Sprint Nextel Corporation to provide equipment for a WiBro trial .
In November 2005, KT Corporation(aka Korea Telecom) showed off WiBro trial services during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Busan.
February 10th 2006: Telecom Italia, the dominant telephony and internet service provider in Italy, together with Korean Samsung Electronics, has demonstrated to the public a WiBro network service on the occasion of the 2006 Winter Olympics, held in Turin, with downspeed of 10 Mbit/s and upspeed of some hundreds of kbit/s even in movement up to 120 km/h.
In the same event Samsung tlc div. president Kitae Lee assured a future of 20-30 Mbit/s by the end of this year (2006) and 100+ Mbit/s down / 1+ Mbit/s up in 2008 .
KT Corporation launched commercial WiBro service in mid-2006 as reported. Sprint (US), BT (UK), KDDI (JP), and TVA (BR) have or are trialing WiBro.
KT Corporation and SK Telecom launched WiBro around Seoul on June 30, 2006. More about the KT launch .
On April 3, 2007, KT launched WiBro coverage for all areas of Seoul including all subway lines.

What is WiBro

WiBro (Wireless Broadband) is a wireless broadband Internet technology being developed by the South Korean telecoms industry. WiBro is the South Korean service name for IEEE 802.16e (mobile iMaxernational standard.
WiBro adopts TDD for duplexing, OFDMA for multiple access and 8.75 MHz as a channel bandwidth. WiBro was devised to overcome the data rate limitation of mobile phones (for example CDMA 1x) and to add mobility to broadband Internet access (for example ADSL or Wireless LAN). In February 2002, the Korean government allocated 100 MHz of electromagnetic spectrum in the 2.3 - 2.4 GHz band, and in late 2004 WiBro Phase 1 was standardized by the TTA of Korea and in late 2005 ITU reflected WiBro as IEEE 802.16e (mobile WiMax South Korean Telco (KT,SKT) launched commercial service in June 2006, and the tariff is around US$30.
WiBro base stations will offer an aggregate data throughput of 30 to 50 Mbit/s and cover a radius of 1-5 km allowing for the use of portable internet usage. In detail, it will provide mobility for moving devices up to 120 km/h (74.5 miles/h) compared to Wireless LAN having mobility up to walking speed and Mobile Phone having mobility up to 250 km/h. From testing during the APEC Summit in Busan in late 2005, the actual range and bandwidth were quite a bit lower than these numbers. The technology will also offer Quality of Service. The inclusion of QoS allows for WiBro to stream video content and other loss-sensitive data in a reliable manner. These all appear to be (and may be) the stronger advantages over the fixed WiMax standard (802.16a). Some Telcos in many countries are trying to commercialize this Mobile WiMAX (or WiBro). For example, TI (Italia), (Brazil), Omnivision (Venezuela), PORTUS (Croatia), and Arialink (Michigan) will provide commercial service after test service around 2006-2007. While WiBro is quite exacting in its requirements from spectrum use to equipment design, WiMAX leaves much of this up to the equipment provider while providing enough detail to ensure interoperability between designs.

Evolution 2G to 3G

Evolution from 2G to 3G
2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wireless needs.Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan was the first country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to 3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then adopted 3G Networks soon after and the transition was made as early as 2004
From 2G to 2.5G (GPRS)
"2.5G" (and even 2.75G) are technologies such as i-mode data services, camera phones, high-speed circuit-switched data (HSCSD) and General packet radio service (GPRS) that provide some functionality domains like 3G networks, but without the full transition to 3G network. They were built to introduce the possibilities of wireless application technology to the end consumers, and so increase demand for 3G services.
When converting a GSM network to a UMTS network, the first new technology is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). It is the trigger to 3G services. The network connection is always on, so the subscriber is online all the time. From the operator's point of view, it is important that GPRS investments are re-used when going to UMTS. Also capitalizing on GPRS business experience is very important.
From GPRS, operators could change the network directly to UMTS, or invest in an EDGE system. One advantage of EDGE over UMTS is that it requires no new licenses. The frequencies are also re-used and no new antennas are needed.
Migrating from GPRS to UMTS
From GPRS network, the following network elements can be reused:
Home location register (HLR)
Visitor location register (VLR)
Equipment identity register (EIR)
Mobile switching centre (MSC) (vendor dependent)
Authentication centre (AUC)
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) (vendor dependent)
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
From Global Service for Mobile (GSM) communication radio network, the following elements cannot be reused
Base station controller (BSC)
Base transceiver station (BTS)
They can remain in the network and be used in dual network operation where 2G and 3G networks co-exist while network migration and new 3G terminals become available for use in the network.
The UMTS network introduces new network elements that function as specified by 3GPP:
Node B (base station)
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Media Gateway (MGW)
The functionality of MSC and SGSN changes when going to UMTS. In a GSM system the MSC handles all the circuit switched operations like connecting A- and B-subscriber through the network. SGSN handles all the packet switched operations and transfers all the data in the network. In UMTS the Media gateway (MGW) take care of all data transfer in both circuit and packet switched networks. MSC and SGSN control MGW operations. The nodes are renamed to MSC-server and GSN-server.

Advantages 3G network

Advantages of a layered network architecture
Unlike GSM, UMTS is based on layered services. At the top is the services layer, which provides fast deployment of services and centralized location. In the middle is the control layer, which helps upgrading procedures and allows the capacity of the network to be dynamically allocated. At the bottom is the connectivity layer where any transmission technology can be used and the voice traffic will transfer over ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP.
3G evolution (pre-4G)
See also section Pre-4G wireless standards of the 4G article.
The standardization of 3G evolution is working in both 3GPP and 3GPP2. The corresponding specifications of 3GPP and 3GPP2 evolutions are named as LTE and UMB, respectively. 3G evolution uses partly beyond 3G technologies to enhance the performance and to make a smooth migration path.
There are several different paths from 2G to 3G. In Europe the main path starts from GSM when GPRS is added to a system. From this point it is possible to go to the UMTS system. In North America the system evolution will start from Time division multiple access (TDMA), change to Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) and then to UMTS.
In Japan, two 3G standards are used: W-CDMA used by NTT DoCoMo (FOMA, compatible with UMTS) and SoftBank Mobile (UMTS), and CDMA2000, used by KDDI. Transition for market purposes to 3G was completed in Japan in 2006.The first introduction of 3G technology in the Caribbean (2008) was done by American Movil(Claro)formerly MIPHONE in Jamaica. The Implementiotion phase of this network was carried out by Huawei in conjuction with other sub contractors like Trylon TSF out of Canada.

Phones and networks 3G

Phones and networks
3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency.
UMTS terminals
The technical complexities of a 3G phone or handset depends on its need to roam onto legacy 2G networks. In the first countries, Japan and South Korea, there was no need to include roaming capabilities to older networks such as GSM, so 3G phones were small and lightweight. In Europe and America, the manufacturers and network operators wanted multi-mode 3G phones which would operate on 3G and 2G networks (e.g., W-CDMA and GSM), which added to the complexity, size, weight, and cost of the handset. As a result, early European W-CDMA phones were significantly larger and heavier than comparable Japanese W-CDMA phones.
Japan's Vodafone KK experienced a great deal of trouble with these differences when its UK-based parent, Vodafone, insisted the Japanese subsidiary use standard Vodafone handsets. Japanese customers who were accustomed to smaller handsets were suddenly required to switch to European handsets that were much bulkier and considered unfashionable by Japanese consumers. During this conversion, Vodafone KK lost 6 customers for every 4 that migrated to 3G. Soon thereafter, Vodafone sold the subsidiary (now known as SoftBank Mobile).
The general trend to smaller and smaller phones seems to have paused, perhaps even turned, with the capability of large-screen phones to provide more video, gaming and internet use on the 3G networks.
Speed
The ITU has not provided a clear definition of the speeds users can expect from 3G equipment or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the speeds it specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum speed of 2Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 348 [sic] kbit/s in a moving vehicle," the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum or average speeds or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various speeds are sold as 3G intended to meet customers expectations of broadband speed. It is often suggested by industry sources that 3G can be expected to provide 384 kbit/s at or below pedestrian speeds, but only 128 kbit/s in a moving car. While EDGE is part of the 3G standard, some phones report EDGE and 3G network availability as separate things, notably the iPhone.
Network standardization
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defined the demands for 3G mobile networks with the IMT-2000 standard. An organization called 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has continued that work by defining a mobile system that fulfills the IMT-2000 standard. This system is called Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).

Implementation 3G

Implementation and history
The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Germany branded FOMA, in May 2001 on a pre-release of W-CDMA-GA3Y technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on October 1, 2001. The second network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network was launched by KTF on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators.
The first European pre-commercial network was at the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network in Europe was opened for business by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers. These were both on the W-CDMA technology.
The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in October 2003 also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO, and this network has grown strongly since then.
The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded as Three in April 2003.
In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154 HSDPA networks were operating in 71 countries, according to the GMSA. In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA, telecommunication companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
In Europe, mass market commercial 3G services were introduced starting in March 2003 by 3 (Part of Hutchison Whampoa) in the UK and Italy. The European Union Council suggested that the 3G operators should cover 80% of the European national populations by the end of 2005.
Roll-out of 3G networks was delayed in some countries by the enormous costs of additional spectrum licensing fees. (See Telecoms crash.) In many countries, 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G, so mobile operators must build entirely new networks and license entirely new frequencies; an exception is the United States where carriers operate 3G service in the same frequencies as other services. The license fees in some European countries were particularly high, bolstered by government auctions of a limited number of licenses and sealed bid auctions, and initial excitement over 3G's potential. Other delays were due to the expenses of upgrading equipment for the new systems.
By June 2007 the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where 3G was launched first - Japan and South Korea - over half of all subscribers use 3G. In Europe the leading country is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries by 3G migration include UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the 20% migration level. A confusing statistic is counting CDMA 2000 1x RTT customers as if they were 3G customers. If using this oft-disputed definition, then the total 3G subscriber base would be 475 million at June 2007 and 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.
Still several major countries such as Turkey, China, Indonesia, etc have not awarded 3G licenses and customers await 3G services. China has been delaying its decisions on 3G for many years, partly hoping to have the Chinese 3G standard, TD-SCDMA, to mature for commercial production.
China announced in May 2008, that the telecoms sector was re-organized and three 3G networks would be allocated so that the largest mobile operator, China Mobile, would retain its GSM customer base and launch 3G onto the Chinese standard, TD-SCDMA. China Unicom would retain its GSM customer base but relinquish its CDMA2000 customer base, and launch 3G on the globally leading WCDMA (UMTS) standard. The CDMA2000 customers of China Unicom would go to China Telecom, which would then launch 3G on the CDMA 1x EV-DO standard. This means that China will have all three main cellular technology 3G standards in commercial use.
The first African use of 3G technology was a 3G videocall made in Johannesburg on the Vodacom network in November 2004. The first commercial launch of 3G in Africa was by EMTEL in Mauritius on the W-CDMA standard. In north African Morocco in late March 2006, a 3G service was provided by the new company Wana.
Rogers Wireless began implementing 3G HSDPA services in eastern Canada early 2007 in the form of Rogers Vision. Fido Solutions and Rogers Wireless now offer 3G service in most urban centres.

What is 3G

3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2.5G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the IMT-2000.
3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Additional features also include HSPA data transmission capabilities able to deliver speeds up to 14.4Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink.
Unlike IEEE 802.11 (common names Wi-Fi or WLAN) networks, 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony IEEE 802.11 networks are short range, high-bandwidth networks primarily developed for data.

Standard devices Wi-Fi

Standard devices


An embedded RouterBoard 112 with U.FL-RSMA pigtail and R52 mini PCI Wi-Fi card widely used by wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) in the Czech Republic.


OSBRiDGE 3GN – 802.11n Access Point and UMTS/GSM Gateway in one device.


USB wireless adaptor
A wireless access point connects a group of wireless devices to an adjacent wired LAN. An access point is similar to a network hub, relaying data between connected wireless devices in addition to a (usually) single connected wired device, most often an ethernet hub or switch, allowing wireless devices to communicate with other wired devices.
Wireless adapters allow devices to connect to a wireless network. These adapters connect to devices using various external or internal interconnects such as PCI, miniPCI, USB, ExpressCard, Cardbus and PC card. Most newer laptop computers are equipped with internal adapters. Internal cards are generally more difficult to install.
Wireless routers integrate a WAP, ethernet switch, and internal Router firmware application that provides IP Routing, NAT, and DNS forwarding through an integrated WAN interface. A wireless router allows wired and wireless ethernet LAN devices to connect to a (usually) single WAN device such as cable modem or DSL modem. A wireless router allows all three devices (mainly the access point and router) to be configured through one central utility. This utility is most usually an integrated web server which serves web pages to wired and wireless LAN clients and often optionally to WAN clients. This utility may also be an application that is run on a desktop computer such as Apple's AirPort.
Wireless network bridges connect a wired network to a wireless network. This is different from an access point in the sense that an access point connects wireless devices to a wired network at the data-link layer. Two wireless bridges may be used to connect two wired networks over a wireless link, useful in situations where a wired connection may be unavailable, such as between two separate homes.
Wireless range extenders or wireless repeaters can extend the range of an existing wireless network. Range extenders can be strategically placed to elongate a signal area or allow for the signal area to reach around barriers such as those created in L-shaped corridors. Wireless devices connected through repeaters will suffer from an increased latency for each hop. Additionally, a wireless device connected to any of the repeaters in the chain will have a throughput that is limited by the weakest link between the two nodes in the chain from which the connection originates to where the connection ends.

Reach Wi-Fi

Reach
Due to reach requirements for wireless LAN applications, power consumption is fairly high compared to some other low-bandwidth standards. Especially Zigbee and Bluetooth supporting wireless PAN applications refer to much lesser propagation range of
Mobility
Speed vs. Mobility of wireless systems: Wi-Fi, HSPA, UMTS,GSM
Because of the very limited practical range of Wi-Fi, mobile use is essentially confined to such applications as inventory taking machines in warehouses or retail spaces, barcode reading devices at check-out stands or receiving / shipping stations. Mobile use of Wi-Fi over wider ranges is limited to move, use, move, as for instance in an automobile moving from one hotspot to another. Other wireless technologies are more suitable as illustrated in the graphic.
Threats to security


The most common wireless encryption standard, Wired Equivalent Privacy or WEP, has been shown to be easily breakable even when correctly configured. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2), which began shipping in 2003, aims to solve this problem and is now available on most products. Wi-Fi Access Points typically default to an "open" (encryption-free) mode. Novice users benefit from a zero-configuration device that works out of the box, but this default is without any wireless security enabled, providing open wireless access to their LAN. To turn security on requires the user to configure the device, usually via a software graphical user interface (GUI). Wi-Fi networks that are open (unencrypted) can be monitored and used to read and copy data (including personal information) transmitted over the network, unless another security method is used to secure the data, such as a VPN or a secure web page. (See HTTPS/Secure Socket Layer.)
Population
Many 2.4 GHz 802.11b and 802.11g Access points default to the same channel on initial startup, contributing to congestion on certain channels. To change the channel of operation for an access point requires the user to configure the device. Yet, this default use of channels 1, 6 and 11 gives better performance than "advanced" users choosing channels 2, 5, 7 and 9 as "unused, free".

Advantages Wi-Fi

Advantages and challenges
A keychain size Wi-Fi detector.
Operational advantages

Wi-Fi allows LANs (Local Area Networks) to be deployed without cabling for client devices, typically reducing the costs of network deployment and expansion. Spaces where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas and historical buildings, can host wireless LANs.
In 2008, wireless network adapters are built into most modern laptops. The price of chipsets for Wi-Fi continues to drop, making it an economical networking option included in even more devices. Wi-Fi has become widespread in corporate infrastructures.
Different competitive brands of access points and client network interfaces are inter-operable at a basic level of service. Products designated as "Wi-Fi Certified" by the Wi-Fi Alliance are backwards compatible. Wi-Fi is a global set of standards. Unlike mobile telephones, any standard Wi-Fi device will work anywhere in the world.
Wi-Fi is widely available in more than 220,000 public hotspots and tens of millions of homes and corporate and university campuses worldwide. WPA is not easily cracked if strong passwords are used and WPA2 encryption has no known weaknesses. New protocols for Quality of Service (WMM) make Wi-Fi more suitable for latency-sensitive applications (such as voice and video), and power saving mechanisms (WMM Power Save) improve battery operation.
Limitations
Spectrum assignments and operational limitations are not consistent worldwide. Most of Europe allows for an additional 2 channels beyond those permitted in the U.S. for the 2.4 GHz band. (1–13 vs. 1–11); Japan has one more on top of that (1–14). Europe, as of 2007, was essentially homogeneous in this respect. A very confusing aspect is the fact that a Wi-Fi signal actually occupies five channels in the 2.4 GHz band resulting in only three non-overlapped channels in the U.S.: 1, 6, 11, and three or four in Europe: 1, 5, 9, 13 can be used if all the equipment on a specific area can be guaranteed not to use 802.11b at all, even as fallback or beacon. Equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) in the EU is limited to 20 dBm (100 mW).

What is Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used in home networks, mobile phones, video games and other electronic devices that require some form of wireless networking capability. In particular, it covers the various IEEE 802.11 technologies (including 802.11n, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11a).
Wi-Fi technologies are supported by nearly every modern personal computer operating system, most advanced game consoles and laptops, and many printers and other peripherals.


Purpose
The purpose of Wi-Fi is to provide wireless access to digital content. This content may include applications, audio and visual media, Internet connectivity, or other data. Wi-Fi generally makes access to information easier, as it can eliminate some of the physical restraints of wiring; this can be especially true for mobile devices

Technical WiMax

Technical information
WiMAX is a term coined to describe standard, interoperable implementations of IEEE 802.16 wireless networks, similar to the way the term Wi-Fi is used for interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN standard. However, WiMAX is very different from Wi-Fi in the way it works.
MAC layer/data link layer
In Wi-Fi the media access controller (MAC) uses contention access — all subscriber stations that wish to pass data through a wireless access point (AP) are competing for the AP's attention on a random interrupt basis. This can cause subscriber stations distant from the AP to be repeatedly interrupted by closer stations, greatly reducing their throughput. This makes services such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or IPTV, which depend on an essentially-constant Quality of Service (QoS) depending on data rate and interruptibility, difficult to maintain for more than a few simultaneous users.
In contrast, the 802.16 MAC uses a scheduling algorithm for which the subscriber station needs to compete only once (for initial entry into the network). After that it is allocated an access slot by the base station. The time slot can enlarge and contract, but remains assigned to the subscriber station, which means that other subscribers cannot use it. In addition to being stable under overload and over-subscription (unlike 802.11), the 802.16 scheduling algorithm can also be more bandwidth efficient. The scheduling algorithm also allows the base station to control QoS parameters by balancing the time-slot assignments among the application needs of the subscriber stations.
Physical layer
The original version of the standard on which WiMAX is based (IEEE 802.16) specified a physical layer operating in the 10 to 66 GHz range. 802.16a, updated in 2004 to 802.16-2004, added specifications for the 2 to 11 GHz range. 802.16-2004 was updated by 802.16e-2005 in 2005 and uses scalable orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (SOFDMA) as opposed to the OFDM version with 256 sub-carriers (of which 200 are used) in 802.16d. More advanced versions, including 802.16e, also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications (MIMO) See WiMAX MIMO. This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. 802.16e also adds a capability for full mobility support. The WiMAX certification allows vendors with 802.16d products to sell their equipment as WiMAX certified, thus ensuring a level of interoperability with other certified products, as long as they fit the same profile.
Most commercial interest is in the 802.16d and .16e standards, since the lower frequencies used in these variants suffer less from inherent signal attenuation and therefore give improved range and in-building penetration. Already today, a number of networks throughout the world are in commercial operation using certified WiMAX equipment compliant with the 802.16d standard.

Broadband Subscriber WiMax

Broadband access
Many companies are closely examining WiMAX for last mile connectivity. The resulting competition may bring lower pricing for both home and business customers or bring broadband access to places where it has been economically unavailable.
WiMAX access was used to assist with communications in Aceh, Indonesia, after the tsunami in December 2004. All communication infrastructure in the area, other than Ham Radio, was destroyed, making the survivors unable to communicate with people outside the disaster area and vice versa. WiMAX provided broadband access that helped regenerate communication to and from Aceh.
In addition, WiMAX was used by Intel to assist the FCC and FEMA in their communications efforts in the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina.

Subscriber units (Client Units)
WiMAX subscriber units are available in both indoor and outdoor versions from several manufacturers. Self-install indoor units are convenient, but radio losses mean that the subscriber must be significantly closer to the WiMAX base station than with professionally-installed external units. As such, indoor-installed units require a much higher infrastructure investment as well as operational cost (site lease, backhaul, maintenance) due to the high number of base stations required to cover a given area. Indoor units are comparable in size to a cable modem or DSL modem. Outdoor units are roughly the size of a laptop PC, and their installation is comparable to a residential satellite dish.
With the potential of mobile WiMAX, there is an increasing focus on portable units. This includes handsets (similar to cellular smartphones) and PC peripherals (PC Cards or USB dongles). In addition, there is much emphasis from operators on consumer electronics devices (game terminals, MP3 players and the like); it is notable this is more similar to Wi-Fi than 3G cellular technologies.
Current certified devices can be found at the WiMAX Forum web site. This is not a complete list of devices available as certified modules are embedded into laptops, MIDs (Mobile Internet Devices), and private labeled devices.

Definition WiMax

Definitions
The terms "fixed WiMAX", "mobile WiMAX", "802.16d" and "802.16e" are frequently used incorrectly. Correct definitions are the following:

• 802.16-2004 is often called 802.16d, since that was the working party that developed the standard. It is also frequently referred to as "fixed WiMAX" since it has no support for mobility.
• 802.16e-2005 is an amendment to 802.16-2004 and is often referred to in shortened form as 802.16e. It introduced support for mobility, amongst other things and is therefore also known as "mobile WiMAX".

Uses
The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the following potential applications:

• Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet.
• Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for "last mile" broadband access.
• Providing data and telecommunications services.
• Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage.
• Providing portable connectivity.

What is Wimax

WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular-type access. The technology provides upto 70 Mb/sec symmetric broadband speed without the need for cables. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard (also called WirelessMAN). The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL (and also to High Speed Packet Access).
Currently, Pakistan has the largest fully functional WiMAX network in the world. Wateen Telecom installed the network (with an initial rollout in seventeen cities) throughout Pakistan using Motorola hardware.

Panasonic DMC TZ4

Panasonic DMC TZ4


The 8.1-megapixel TZ4, joins the TZ5 in Panasonic's TZ series offerings for 2008. These models pack a 28mm wide-angle, 10X optical zoom Leica DC lens in a compact design, ideal for the active user needing a versatile camera. By combining a 28mm wide-angle lens with the 10x optical zoom – consumers are empowered to take expanded shots, both wide and far. Adding to these feature-rich digital cameras, Panasonic also expands its Intelligent Auto technologies with new Intelligent Exposure and Digital Red-eye Correction. The TZ4 also has the ability to take 1920 x 1080 pixel High Definition-ready photos that perfectly fit a wide-screen (16:9) HDTV. Also, with the newly added HD component output capability, users can also connect the TZ models to an HDTV and watch a slideshow complete with mood appropriate music.
Also new to the TZ4 and the TZ5 is the Venus Engine IV, Panasonic’s new high-performance image processing LSI. The Venus Engine IV produces higher-quality pictures than its predecessor, the Venus Engine III, by using a more advanced signal processing system. The new Venus Engine IV also improves noise reduction, elevates the detection accuracy and corrective effects in both MEGA O.I.S. and Intelligent ISO and reduces the shutter release time lag. Both models also incorporate Intelligent LCD, which detects the lighting condition and controls the brightness level of the LCD in 11 fine steps, to offer optimal clarity in any situation, whether dark or light; indoors or outdoors. With a newly developed 460,000-dot high resolution in the TZ5’s 3.0-inch LCD and 230,000-dot in the TZ4’s 2.5-inch LCD, photos can be easily viewed on the display, regardless of the shooting environment.
With the addition of Intelligent Exposure and Digital Red-eye Correction, Panasonic’s Advanced Intelligent Auto mode consists of seven intuitive technologies, all which are specifically designed to help make photo-taking an enjoyable and seamless process unnoticed by the consumer – helping them to take clear photos. When in Advanced Intelligent Auto mode, the following technologies all operate automatically; the consumer does not need to change any settings:
Intelligent Exposure – With this new feature, photos will no longer be under- or over-exposed. Instead, the TZ5 and TZ4, instantly analyze the framed image and adjusts the brightness in areas that are too dark because of dim lighting, backlighting or the use of the flash. The camera will automatically adjust the brightness accordingly.
Digital Red-eye Correction*– This feature helps to eliminate the red-eye problem that sometimes results when taking flash shots at the night. Incorporated into the built-in flash, the camera emits a small preliminary flash before the main flash, detects red-eye and will digitally correct it.
MEGA O.I.S. – Gyrosensors detect hand-shake and the lens system shifts to compensate, helping to prevent hand-shake from creating a blurry image.
Intelligent ISO – With Intelligent ISO, the TZ4 and TZ5 can determine if the photo subject is moving and change the ISO setting and shutter speed accordingly, thus giving a blur-free photo.
Intelligent Scene Selector – Intelligent Scene Selector senses the ambient conditions, recognizes the shooting environment and will automatically select the appropriate scene mode from: Scenery, Portrait, Macro, Night Portrait or Night Scenery mode. This intuitive technology, helps the consumer use the most common scene modes that are built into the camera, but often go unused, without making any manual adjustments.
Face Detection – Panasonic’s Face Detection detects faces anywhere in the frame and automatically chooses the optimal focus and exposure settings so portraits come out clear and crisp. Detecting up to 15 faces, Panasonic’s Face Detection can even track a face if the subject is moving.
Continuous AF – The Continuous AF (auto focus) system maintains focus on the subject even without pressing a shutter button halfway, thus minimizing the AF time.
Major DMC-TZ4 Features:
8.1-megapixel effective CCD for images up to 3264x2448 pixels
Leica DC Vario-Elmarit Lens 10x "Wide" optical zoom, covering 28-280mm (35mm equivalent)
MEGA O.I.S. (Optical image stabilization) system
Intelligent Exposure and Digital Red-eye Correction
9-point AF system with focus-assist lamp
2.5-inch TFT color monitor with (230k pixels)
Program AE, Macro, Intelligent AUTO + 21 scene modes
Burst (3fps @ 8M; 10fps @ 2M) and AE bracketing capture modes
640x480/320x240 (4:3) or 848x480 (16:9) QuickTime movies, 30fps or 10fps with audio
Shutter speeds from 1/2000 to 8 seconds
Built-in flash with auto, fill, slow synchro and red-eye reduction modes
TTL Auto White Balance, 5 presets and custom set
27MB of internal memory plus SD/SDHC/MMC memory card slot
Optional DMW-MCTZ5 Underwater "Marine" Case
Plug-n-Play USB, Mass Storage compliant
PictBridge Direct-Print compatible
Powered by a 3.7v 1000mAh Lithium-ion Battery Pack

Nikon D90

Nikon D90
12.3-megapixel DX-format CMOS imaging sensor: Coupled with Nikon's EXPEED image processing technologies and NIKKOR optics, breathtaking image fidelity is assured.
Continuous shooting as fast as 4.5 frames-per-second: Combined with fast 0.15ms power-up and split-second 65ms shooting lag, dramatic action and decisive moments are captured easily.
D-Movie Mode—Cinematic 24fps HD with sound: Record cinematic-quality movie clips at up to 720p HD (1280 x 720 pixels) in Motion JPEG format, enhanced by NIKKOR interchangeable lens quality and versatility.
Low noise ISO sensitivity from 200 to 3200: High signal-to-noise components and design deliver exceptional performance, even at high ISO setting.
3-inch super-density 920,000-dot color LCD monitor: High resolution, 170-degree wide-angle viewing guarantees confident image review and movie playback.
Built-in image sensor cleaning: Effective 4-frequency, ultrasonic sensor cleaning frees image degrading dust particles from the sensor's optical low pass filter.
11-point AF system with Face Priority: Consistently fast and accurate autofocus, reinforced by the Nikon Scene Recognition System, delivers razor sharpness in a wide variety of conditions.
One-button Live View: Easy to use Live View activates access to 3 contrast detection focus modes including Face Priority AF.
Nikon 3D Color Matrix Metering II with Scene Recognition System: Nikon's renowned 420-pixel RGB 3D Color Matrix Metering II, teamed with the exclusive Scene Recognition System, evaluates images, referencing an on-board database of over 30,000 photographic scenes, for unmatched exposure accuracy.
Comprehensive exposure control: Five advanced scene modes plus Program Auto, Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority and Manual.
Auto Active D-Lighting: Selectable and Automatic, Active D-Lighting optimizes details within shadows and highlights, taming high-contrast situations in real time.
Durable, high precision shutter: Testing to over 100,000 cycles assures shutter life and accuracy.
In-Camera Image Editing: Creative freedom stems from exclusive in-camera image editing, featuring Fisheye effect, Straighten and Distortion Control as well as D-Lighting, Red-eye Reduction, Image Overlay, Monochrome and more.
GPS geo-tagging: GP-1 GPS unit (optional) provides automatic real-time geo-tagging.

Nikon D60

Nikon D60

Extraordinary 10.2-Megapixel DX-format Nikon Picture Quality: Nikon's high-performance, 10.2-megapixel DX-format CCD imaging sensor and exclusive EXPEED image processing concept provide added cropping freedom and the ability to make larger prints.
Includes AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR (Vibration Reduction) Image Stabilization Lens: NIKKOR lenses are famous for breathtaking sharpness and faithful color. With Nikon's fast, accurate autofocus and Vibration Reduction (VR) image stabilization technology built in, pictures are even sharper, free from blur caused by camera shake when shooting hand-held.
Fast Startup and Split-Second Shutter Response: With fast startup and split-second shutter response, the D60 eliminates the frustration of shutter delay, capturing moments that other cameras miss.
Shoot Continuously at up to 3 Frames per Second: Capture sports action, precious moments and fleeting expressions at up to 3 frames per second, for as many as 100 consecutive JPEG images.
Active Dust Reduction System with Airflow Control: Nikon's Active Dust Reduction System activates automatically, along with Airflow Control technology to reduce the amount of dust that reaches the sensor.
Easy Operation with Intuitive Controls: Intuitive controls and an onboard HELP Menu System with Assist Images make the D60 truly easy to use, enabling everyone to capture beautiful memories perfectly.
Nikon's EXPEED Image Processing Concept: Nikon's original digital image processing concept, EXPEED, comprehensively optimizes pictures, shot after shot.
8 Digital-Vari Program Automatic Shooting Modes: Eight Digital Vari-Program Modes include: Auto, Auto Flash-OFF, Portrait, Landscape, Child, Sports, Close Up and Night Portrait; each of which adjusts automatically for optimal results for everyday shooting situations. Each mode considers lighting conditions and possibilities, aperture, shutter speed, white balance, hue, tone, sharpening and more to make creative photography as simple as rotating the mode dial.
Nikon's Smallest Digital SLR Ever! Beautifully styled, the D60 makes high-performance digital SLR photography easier and more convenient than ever. You'll be amazed at the power packed into a camera that weighs just over 16 ounces.
2.5-Inch, 230,000-Dot Color LCD Monitor with 170-Degree Wide-Angle Viewing: Playback images are easy to see and function menus are easier to use with a larger and brighter color LCD monitor. The large 2.5-inch LCD monitor enables image preview at up to 19 times magnification and has large type fonts with easy-to-view menus. Auto rotating LCD display provides automatic horizontal and vertical graphic display orientation.
Advanced HELP Menu System with Assist Images: The D60's Assist Images help you select the appropriate settings for many camera features by showing an example image typical of that setting, as well as an advanced HELP Menu for the current item selected. The D60's Question Mark icon (?) indicates that help is available for the currently selected item; just press the HELP button beside the LCD monitor to see a context-sensitive HELP page.
Nikon 3D Color Matrix Metering II: The D60's 3D Color Matrix Metering II evaluates each scene for brightness, color, contrast, size and position of shadows and highlights, selected focus area and camera-to-subject distance, comparing that information against an onboard database of more than 30,000 actual photographic scenes. The result delivers instantly and precisely determined exposures for each scene, even in challenging lighting conditions.
Image Optimization Options: The D60's Optimize Image setting lets photographers adjust color, contrast and sharpening, as well as other image settings, according to the type of scene or output desired. Settings include: Normal, Softer, Vivid, More Vivid, Portrait, Custom and Black and White, each of which are automatically adjusted based on sophisticated Nikon algorithms or user-selected settings for optimum results.
Built-in Speedlight with i-TTL Automatic Flash Control: Nikon's innovative i-TTL flash control evaluates flash exposure with incredible precision to achieve better automatic flash balance and deliver outstanding results. The built-in Speedlight is always ready to bring beautiful exposures to darkened conditions, as well as add sparkle for fill flash in outdoor situations for enhanced twilight shots or an added impact to daylight images. In low-light or back-light situations, added illumination from the built-in Speedlight can make the difference between an average snapshot and a dazzling picture.
Fast, Accurate 3-Area Autofocus: The D60's advanced 3-Area AF system and the refined algorithms inherited from more advanced Nikon digital SLR cameras deliver fast, efficient and precise Autofocus. AF refinements deliver greater precision with fast, more consistent subject acquisition and improved focus tracking for consistently sharper pictures.
In-Camera Image Editing and Enhanced Retouch Menu: Highly versatile in-camera editing features through the Retouch Menu include Nikon D-Lighting, Red-Eye Correction, Image Trim, Image Overlay, Monochrome (Black and White, Sepia and Cyanotype) along with Skylight, Warm Tone and Color Balance filter effects. New effects and controls include Quick Retouch, NEF (RAW) Processing, Cross Star and Color Intensifier filters. This provides greater creative freedom without the need for a computer for those who prefer to send pictures directly to a printer.
Stop motion video: Creates a stop-motion animation from a sequence of images for added creative fun to your pictures.

Up to 500 Images per Battery Charge: The supplied EN-EL9 rechargeable battery will allow for shooting up to 500 images per charge based on CIPA battery testing standards.
Supplied accessories (may differ by country or area): EN-EL9 Rechargeable Li-ion Battery, MH-23 Quick Charger, UC-E4 USB Cable, DK-20 Rubber Eyecup, AN-DC1 Camera Strap, BF-1A Body Cap , DK-5 Eyepiece Cap, BS-1 Accessory Shoe Cover, Software Suite CD-ROM
Price: ESP 649.95* D60 Digital SLR Camera Outfit includes AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR Lens (Product Number 25438) Other outfits available. *ESP (Estimated Selling Price) listed only as an estimate. Actual prices are set by dealers and are subject to change at any time.

Toshiba Portg M750

Toshiba Portg M750 Tablet PC
M750-AM1

•The Toshiba Port้g้ M750. Enjoy total flexibility with powerful mobile features and unparalleled reliability. Twist-and-write or twist-and-type functionality, combined with a fast 200GB 7200RPM HDD and EasyGuard features, ensure you’re always productive on the go.

Tecra R10

Tecra R10

Toshiba this week introduced four new ultraportable Portégé notebooks to its lineup, as well as a new Tecra business class notebook. At the moment, they are only available in Canada.
All of the new Portégé notebooks are based on the Intel Centrino 2 platform and feature Intel GMA X4500 graphics. They have titanium silver chassis, DVD Super-Multi drives, and Windows Vista Business.Tecra R10
The Tecra R10 has a 14.1-inch WXGA display. It featues a Core 2 Duo SP9400 running at 2.4GHz, 4GB of RAM, a 200GB 7200RPM hard drive, and Nvidia Quadro NVS 150M 128MB dedicated graphics. Its 6-cell, 4000mAh battery is good for four hours of life, and the R10 weighs a shade less than four pounds. Toshiba calls the R10 "the fastest and most secure Toshiba laptop ever."

ASUS Eee PC 1000H

ASUS Eee PC 1000H User Review

When ASUS announced and launched the Eee PC line of subnotebooks last year, they caught the attention of the world with their inexpensive and light products. Dubbed “netbooks” by the community, the original Eee PCs were good for little more than web browsing and word processing. However, they weighed a mere 2lbs., had a tiny footprint, and perhaps most importantly cost only

ASUS has continued expanding on the Eee line with larger and more powerful models, and in June 2008 released the 1000 series, based on a 10” form factor. Many people did not approve of a 10” netbook, arguing that ASUS was crossing into the threshold of mainstream small-and-light notebooks. Moreover, at a launch price of $649, it was creeping into the price range of mainstream notebooks as well. Fortunately, that price has fallen considerably, and I decided to purchase one.
Here are the specifications on the ASUS Eee 1000H.
Intel Atom N270 (1.6GHz, 512KB cache)
1GB DDR2-400 SO-DIMM
80GB 5400RPM 2.5” SATA Hard Drive
Intel GMA950 Integrated Graphics
10” WSVGA 1024x600 LED-backlit screen, 1.3MP webcam
Windows XP Home (comes with ASUS recovery DVD)
Atheros wireless 802.11b/g/n mini PCI-Express card, integrated Bluetooth 2.0
3 USB 2.0 ports, 10/100 ethernet jack, MMC/SD card reader, mic in, headphone out, VGA out, Kensington lock slot
6-cell 6600mAh battery (Asus claims 7.5hr. battery life)
1-year Global Hardware Warranty
Dimensions: 10.5”x7.5”x1.5”, 3.2lbs. with battery

Toshiba Portege M800-E3315P

Toshiba Portege M800-E3315P

Product Description
Processor: Core 2 Duo P7350 (2.0GHz)Cache L2: 3MB L2 Cache, 1066MHz FSB Memory Std/Max: 1024MB DDR2 SDRAM, 667MHz up to 4096MBHarddisk: 200GB (SATA) with shock absorbersCD-ROM: DVD SuperMulit Double Layer DriveFDD: -Communication: 3xUSB.0 Sleep 'n Charge, RGB, Headphone out with S/P DIF<>

ASUS N50

ASUS has launched a new notebook called N50 and to make it stand out it has gone with a sober design together with some unique features. First of all, the battery has been pampered and through the Super Hybrid Engine, where the user can furn of functions to save power, ASUS N50 can run up to 4.5 hours with a 6-cell battery. Not too bad considering the size. Asus Health Ionizer goes even further and is said to improve the mental energy of the user by emitting negative ions that increase the blood flow to the brain. It would be nice to seem some tests confirming this, although be careful when measuring.
The press release is after the break.

Smart and Trendy – Introducing the new ASUS N50 Notebook SeriesA Fusion of Cutting-edge Technologies and Style
The new ASUS N50 notebook series is a sign of true innovation in both style and technology.With its new streamline design and new generation of infusion technology that sweeps over the N50 with a fine and subtle graphical decoration it is simple yet seductive creating a new and trendy look. Innovative developments such as a new keyboard design and dual mode touch sensor designed for intuitive control and user-friendliness offers an entirely new and uplifting user experience.
Thanks to a breakthrough in power saving with a new highly-efficient feature called Super Hybrid Engine (SHE) which automatically allocates power, preserving battery life up to 35%*. The N50 can get a battery time of up to 4.5 hours with a 6 cell battery.
* Subject to system configuration
Another unique feature of the N50 is a built-in Air Ionizer creating negative ions that not only helps to clean the air around the user of allergens and germs, but also increases the flow of oxygen to the brain resulting in higher alertness, decreased drowsiness, and more mental energy.

Trendy Looks – Cutting-edge Style In designing the N Series notebooks, ASUS utilized cutting-edge technologies, particularly in the use of In-Mold Roller Technology which creates a scratch-resistant panel that retains its shiny finish even after prolonged use. Boasting a streamlined exterior with shiny metal-like inlaid patterns inspired by modernist art-deco, N Series notebooks deliver performance with style.
Trendy Looks - New keyboard designThe new keyboard design doesn’t only look better but also makes it more comfortable to type with. The tight key spacing also makes it harder for dust to accumulate and water to slip through. Even though N50 is a 15” notebook it has a full numeric keyboard design making it perfect for work.
Smart Technology – Dual mode touch SensorTurning on the N50 will make the invisible dual mode touch sensor to light up and become visible with a row of backlit touch-sensitive buttons that serves both as a system control as well as an intuitive and convenient point of multimedia control for instantaneous multimedia enjoyment.
Smart Technology – 15.4”W LED with AI Light sensorEquipped with a led backlit lcd with an AI light sensor the lcd doesn’t only automatically choose the optimum brightness to save power but it also makes it more comfortable for your eyes.The led panel is not only more power sufficient but it also has several other benefits over the traditional CCFL such as higher brightness, better saturation, RoHs Compliant and free from lead & mercury.

Information From

http://www.nordichardware.com/news,8186.html